Recent developments in Moringa oleifera Lam. polysaccharides: A review of the relationship between extraction methods, structural characteristics and functional activities

Min Yang; Liang Tao; Xin-Rui Kang; Ling-Fei Li; Cun-Chao Zhao; Zi-Lin Wang; Jun Sheng; Yang Tian

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100322

Recent developments in Moringa oleifera Lam. polysaccharides: A review of the relationship between extraction methods, structural characteristics and functional activities

Food Chem X. 2022 May 2:14:100322. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100322. eCollection 2022 Jun 30.

Authors

Min Yang^{1

2

3}, Liang Tao^{1

2

3}, Xin-Rui Kang^{1

4}, Ling-Fei Li^{1

4}, Cun-Chao Zhao^{3

4}, Zi-Lin Wang^{1

2}, Jun Sheng^{2

5}, Yang Tian^{1

2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
² National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
³ Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
⁴ Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
⁵ Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.

Abstract

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera Lam) is a perennial tropical deciduous tree that belongs to the Moringaceae family. Polysaccharides are one of the major bioactive compounds in M. oleifera Lam and show immunomodulatory, anticancer, antioxidant, intestinal health protection and antidiabetic activities. At present, the structure and functional activities of M. oleifera Lam polysaccharides (MOPs) have been widespread, but the research data are relatively scattered. Moreover, the relationship between the structure and biological activities of MOPs has not been summarized. In this review, the current research on the extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from different sources of M. oleifera Lam were summarized, and the structural characteristics of purified polysaccharides were focused on this review. Meanwhile, the biological activities of MOPs were introduced, and some molecular mechanisms were listed. In addition, the relationship between the structure and biological activities of MOPs was discussed. Furthermore, new perspectives and some future research of M. oleifera Lam polysaccharides were proposed in this review.

Keywords: ABTS, 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); AKP, Alkaline phosphatase; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AST, Asparate aminotransferase; Ara, Arabinose; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; Bax, Bcl2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma; Biological activities; CCl4, Carbon tetrachloride; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2; Caspase-3, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3; Caspase-9, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9; DPPH, 2.2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical; EAE, Enzyme-assisted extraction; FRAP, Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Future trends; GC, Gas chromatography; GC–MS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; GSH-Px, Glutathione peroxidase; Gal, Galactose; Glc, Glucose; HDL, High-density Lipoprotein; HPGPC, High-performance gel permeation chromatography; HPLC, High performance liquid chromatography; HepG2, Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line; IL-10, Interleukin-10; IL-1β, Interleukin 1β; IL-2, Interleukin-2; IL-6, Interleukin-6; LDL, Low-density Lipoprotein; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; M. oleifera Lam, Moringa oleifera Lam.; MAE, Microwave-assisted extraction; MDA, Malondialdehyde; MOPs, Moringa oleifera Lam polysaccharides; MS, Mass spectrometry; MTT, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; MW, Molecular weight; Man, Mannose; Moringa oleifera Lam; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-B; NK, Natural killer cell; NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance; NO, Nitric oxide; PLE, Pressurized liquid extraction; Polysaccharides; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; Rha, Rhamnose; SCFAs, Short-chain fatty acids; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; Structure characteristics; Structure-biological relationship; TC, Total Cholesterol; TG, Triglycerides; TNF-α, Tumour necrosis factor-α; TOF, Time of flight; UAE, Ultrasound-assisted extraction; V/C, Ileum crypt and villus length; WAE, Water-assisted extraction; Xyl, Xylose; iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase.