Identification study of four species of Mongolian herbal medicine by UV/fluorescence/IR spectroscopy was carried out. Ultrasonic extracts of Mongolian herbal medicine Rubus Sachalinesis Leveille and its substitute materials Sambucus williamsii Hance and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks., and its false medicine Cinnamomum cassia Presl by methyl alcohol, petroleum ether and chloroform were obtained respectively, UV/fluorescence spectral scans for the above herbal medicines were taken and the spectra obtained were compared. Besides, the IR spectra obtained from the herbal medicines were compared. It was shown that the absorption peaks of UV spectra of the four species of Mongolian herbal medicine differ from each other when the methyl alcohol, petroleum ether and chloroform were used as extracting solvent, while there is a selectivity for the solvent when fluorescence spectrum was used to differentiate those medicines. Only when the methyl alcohol was used as extracting solvent, there are clear differences among the IR spectra of the four species of medicine. Therefore, three kinds of spectra are available in identifying the four species of herbal medicine. Among them, IR spectroscopy is noted for its more information about the fingerprints of herbal medicines, and being direct and simple, which is one of the methods worth recommending for identifying Mongolian herbal medicine.