Abstract
Background:
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry caused by pathogenic strains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Live NDV vaccines are administered by drinking water, eyedrops or coarse aerosol spray. To further enhance mucosal immune responses, chitosan nanoparticles were developed for the mucosal delivery of a live NDV vaccine.
Methodology/principal findings:
A lentogenic live-virus vaccine (strain LaSota) against NDV encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles were developed using an ionic crosslinking method. Chitosan nanoparticles containing the lentogenic live-virus vaccine against NDV (NDV-CS-NPs) were produced with good morphology, high stability, a mean diameter of 371.1 nm, an encapsulation rate of 77% and a zeta potential of +2.84 mV. The Western blotting analysis showed that NDV structural proteins were detected in NDV-CS-NPs. The virus release assay results of NDV-CS-NPs indicated that NDV was released from NDV-CS-NPs. Chickens immunized orally or intranasally with NDV-CS-NPs were fully protected whereas one out of five chickens immunized with the LaSota live NDV vaccine and three out of five chickens immunized with the inactivated NDV vaccine were dead after challenge with the highly virulent NDV strain F48E9.
Conclusions/significance:
NDV-CS-NPs induced better protection of immunized specific pathogen free chickens compared to the live NDV vaccine strain LaSota and the inactivated NDV vaccine. This study lays a foundation for the further development of mucosal vaccines and drugs encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cells, Cultured
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Chick Embryo
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Chickens / immunology
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Chitosan / adverse effects
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Chitosan / chemistry
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Chitosan / pharmacology
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Drug Compounding / methods
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Nanoparticles / adverse effects
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Nanoparticles / chemistry
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Newcastle Disease / immunology
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Newcastle Disease / prevention & control*
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Newcastle disease virus / immunology*
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Poultry Diseases / immunology
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Poultry Diseases / prevention & control
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Random Allocation
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Treatment Outcome
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Vaccination / adverse effects
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Vaccination / methods
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Vaccination / veterinary
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Vaccines, Attenuated / adverse effects
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Vaccines, Attenuated / biosynthesis*
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Vaccines, Attenuated / chemistry
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Vaccines, Attenuated / therapeutic use*
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Viral Vaccines / adverse effects
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Viral Vaccines / biosynthesis
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Viral Vaccines / chemistry
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Viral Vaccines / therapeutic use
Substances
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Vaccines, Attenuated
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Viral Vaccines
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Chitosan
Grants and funding
This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31072119), The Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31110103064), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Heilongjiang Provincial University (1251-NCET-005), Key Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Harbin (2009AA6CN125), Innovation Foundation of Harbin (2010RFQXN091 and 2011RFQXN039), Education Committee Science and Technology Research General Projects of Heilongjiang Province (11541267), High-level Talents (innovation team) Project of Heilongjiang University (Hdtd2010-17) and Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Foundation (LBH-Q07109). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.