Exploration of thioxothiazolidinone-sulfonate conjugates as a new class of aldehyde/aldose reductase inhibitors: A synthetic and computational investigation

Bioorg Chem. 2017 Dec:75:1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.009. Epub 2017 Aug 31.

Abstract

In the present study, the pharmacophore integration methodology provided an efficient access to a new library of thioxothiazolidinone-sulfonate conjugates (8a-r) from easily available synthetic precursors. The approach was excellently high yielding with flexible structural sites for chemical modifications. The designed hybrid scaffolds were assessed for aldehyde/aldose reductase inhibition activities. The results for the in vitro bioassays were promising with the identification of compound 8e as the lead and selective candidate for ALR2 inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.468±0.003µMas compared to 3.1±0.2µM for the standard (sorbinil), whereas compound 8o demonstrated high inhibitory potency for both ALR2 and ALR1 enzymes. Molecular modeling analysis of the potent compounds provided further insight into the biological properties where detailed binding mode analysis revealed that the conjugates (8a-r) were found stabilized in the active site of the enzymes through the development of a number of interactions with catalytic residues.

Keywords: Aldose reductase; Enzyme inhibition; Molecular docking; Pharmacophore hybridization; Thioxothiazolidinone–sulfonate conjugates.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aldehyde Reductase / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Aldehyde Reductase / isolation & purification
  • Aldehyde Reductase / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Cattle
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / metabolism
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Lens, Crystalline / enzymology
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Protein Isoforms / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Protein Isoforms / isolation & purification
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Sulfonic Acids / chemistry*
  • Thiazoles / chemistry*

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Sulfonic Acids
  • Thiazoles
  • Aldehyde Reductase