Isolated axillary tumor deposit consistent with primary breast carcinoma: A case report

Background: We all know that lymph-node metastasis is an important factor for poor clinical outcome in breast cancer prognosis. Tumor deposit refers to a discrete collection of cancer cells that is found in the lymph nodes or other tissues adjacent to the primary tumor site. These tumor deposits are separate from the primary tumor and are often considered as a manifestation of lymph node metastasis. In gastric and colorectal cancer, tumor deposits in the lymph node drainage area have been included as independent prognostic factors. The question arises whether tumor deposits should also be considered as prognostic factors in breast cancer patients. This article aims to provoke some thoughts on this matter through a case study and literature review.

Case summary: A 70-year-old female patient was found to have a right breast lump for over 2 years. On January 3, 2023, a core needle biopsy of the right breast lump was performed, and the pathology report indicated invasive carcinoma. Subsequently, on January 17, 2023, the patient underwent right breast-conserving surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and right axillary lymph node dissection. The postoperative pathological staging was determined as stage IIB. The patient received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy. At present, nearly one year after the surgery, no obvious signs of metastasis have been observed in the follow-up examinations, but the long-term prognosis is still unknown.

Conclusion: There is a need for increased focus on the matter of tumor deposits in the lymph node drainage region, as well as a requirement for further clinical investigation to ascertain the relevance of tumor deposits in the prognosis of individuals with breast carcinoma.