Excessive radon-based radiation in indoor air caused by soil building materials in traditional homes on Đồng Văn karst plateau, northern Vietnam

Chemosphere. 2020 Oct:257:127119. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127119. Epub 2020 May 25.

Abstract

Radon-based radiation from natural soil building materials is an important factor likely influencing residents' health as a contributing source of natural radiation. This survey aims to quantify the nuclide-specific α-radiation of isotopes 222Rn and 220Rn in common types of houses in a region of northern Vietnam, Đồng Văn karst plateau, to preliminarily (i) evaluate the total annual effective dose rates and (ii) assess the relative risk of cancer induction from indoor α-radiation for inhabitants. The average 222Rn concentrations in all house types were lower than 100 Bq m-3, but 220Rn abundances were far higher than 222Rn, even up to >1000 Bq m-3 in air close to a wall of unfired-soil bricks. The estimated total annual effective dose rates from indoor 222Rn and 220Rn and their progenies to residents with daily exposure of 13 h in the various types of houses range from 3.1 to 4.3 mSv a-1 for houses constructed with modified materials, but up to higher than 6 mSv a-1 in houses with raw building materials. The average risk of developing lung cancer as a consequence of a lifetime exposure to indoor α-radiation in affected homes ranges from 3.9% to 14.6%. 220Rn and its metallic progenies contribute more than 80% of the total average lung cancer risk from total radon, being responsible for a range of 2.7-14.6% of the risk of developing lung cancer.

Keywords: (220)Rn; (222)Rn; Lung cancer risk; Radiation; Radon; Thoron.

MeSH terms

  • Air Pollutants, Radioactive / analysis*
  • Air Pollution, Indoor / analysis
  • Air Pollution, Indoor / statistics & numerical data*
  • Background Radiation
  • Construction Materials
  • Housing / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Radiation Monitoring*
  • Radon / analysis*
  • Soil
  • Vietnam

Substances

  • Air Pollutants, Radioactive
  • Soil
  • Radon