Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans through their high rates of zoonotic infection and pandemic potential. H9N2 viruses are generally hyperendemic in affected countries and have been found in poultry in many new regions in recent years. In this review, we examine the current global spread of H9N2 avian influenza viruses as well as their host range, tropism, transmission routes and the risk posed by these viruses to human health.
Keywords:
H9N2; avian influenza viruses; pandemic potential; poultry; zoonotic.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Humans
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Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / genetics
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Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / pathogenicity*
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Influenza, Human / epidemiology
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Influenza, Human / prevention & control
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Influenza, Human / transmission
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Influenza, Human / virology
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology*
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / transmission
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology*
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Poultry / virology
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Prevalence
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Reassortant Viruses / genetics
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Reassortant Viruses / pathogenicity
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Vaccination
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Zoonoses / epidemiology*
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Zoonoses / prevention & control
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Zoonoses / transmission
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Zoonoses / virology*