A Review of Different Vaccines and Strategies to Combat COVID-19

Srinivasan Sabitha; Nagarajan Shobana; Pandurangan Prakash; Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban; Mahendran Sathiyashree; Subramanian Saigeetha; Srikumar Chakravarthi; Saji Uthaman; In-Kyu Park; Antony V Samrot

doi:10.3390/vaccines10050737

A Review of Different Vaccines and Strategies to Combat COVID-19

Vaccines (Basel). 2022 May 9;10(5):737. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10050737.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea.
³ Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 58128, Korea.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
⁵ School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia.
⁶ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
⁷ Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur 600073, India.

Abstract

In December 2019, an unknown viral infection emerged and quickly spread worldwide, resulting in a global pandemic. This novel virus caused severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has caused 6.25 millions of deaths worldwide and remains a major concern for health, society, and the economy. As vaccination is one of the most efficient ways to combat this pandemic, different vaccines were developed in a short period. This review article discusses how coronavirus affected the top nations of the world and the vaccines being used for the prevention. Amongst the vaccines, some vaccines have already been approved, and some have been involved in clinical studies. The article also provides insight into different COVID-19 vaccine platforms, their preparation, working, efficacy, and side effects.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; cell-mediated immunity; humoral immunity; polymeric nanovaccine.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This work was partially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2020R1A2C2005620 and 2020R1A5A2031185).