Effects of Resistance Training on Oxidative Stress Markers and Muscle Damage in Spinal Cord Injured Rats

Natalie de Almeida Barros; Felipe J Aidar; Anderson Carlos Marçal; Jymmys L Santos; Raphael Fabricio de Souza; Jainara Lima Menezes; Margarete Zanardo Gomes; Dihogo Gama de Matos; Eduardo Borba Neves; André Luiz Gomes Carneiro; Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto; Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco Cabral; Reinaldo Viana Belo Neto; Beat Knechtle; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Enilton Aparecido Camargo

doi:10.3390/biology11010032

Effects of Resistance Training on Oxidative Stress Markers and Muscle Damage in Spinal Cord Injured Rats

Biology (Basel). 2021 Dec 27;11(1):32. doi: 10.3390/biology11010032.

Authors

Natalie de Almeida Barros¹, Felipe J Aidar^{2

3

4

5}, Anderson Carlos Marçal^{2

3}, Jymmys L Santos^{2

3}, Raphael Fabricio de Souza^{2

3

4}, Jainara Lima Menezes⁵, Margarete Zanardo Gomes⁶, Dihogo Gama de Matos⁷, Eduardo Borba Neves⁸, André Luiz Gomes Carneiro⁹, Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto¹⁰, Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco Cabral¹⁰, Reinaldo Viana Belo Neto⁶, Beat Knechtle^{11

12}, Filipe Manuel Clemente^{13

14}, Enilton Aparecido Camargo^{1

15}

Affiliations

¹ Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil.
² Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil.
³ Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil.
⁵ Graduate Program of Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil.
⁶ Laboratory of Morphology and Experimental Pathology, University Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil.
⁷ Cardiovascular & Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
⁸ Graduate Program on Biomedical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná (PPGEB/UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil.
⁹ Department of Physical Education, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Brazil.
¹⁰ Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil.
¹¹ Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
¹² Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
¹³ Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
¹⁴ Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
¹⁵ Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil.

Abstract

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that affects the central nervous system, is characterized by motor and sensory impairments, and impacts individuals' lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on oxidative stress and muscle damage in spinal cord injured rats.

Methodology: Forty Wistar rats were selected and divided equally into five groups: Healthy Control (CON), Sham (SHAM) SCI Untrained group (SCI-U), SCI Trained group (SCI- T), SCI Active Trained group (SCI- AT). Animals in the trained groups were submitted to an incomplete SCI at T9. Thereafter, they performed a protocol of resistance training for four weeks.

Results: Significant differences in muscle damage markers and oxidative stress in the trained groups, mainly in SCI- AT, were found. On the other hand, SCI- U group presented higher levels of oxidative stress and biomarkers of LDH and AST.

Conclusion: The results highlight that resistance training promoted a decrease in oxidative stress and a significative response in muscle damage markers.

Keywords: muscle damage; oxidative stress; resistance training; spinal cord injury.