Unpacking Pandora From Its Box: Deciphering the Molecular Basis of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus

Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 31;22(1):386. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010386.

Abstract

An enigmatic localized pneumonia escalated into a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review aims to consolidate the extensive biological minutiae of SARS-CoV-2 which requires decipherment. Having one of the largest RNA viral genomes, the single strand contains the genes ORF1ab, S, E, M, N and ten open reading frames. Highlighting unique features such as stem-loop formation, slippery frameshifting sequences and ribosomal mimicry, SARS-CoV-2 represents a formidable cellular invader. Hijacking the hosts translational engine, it produces two polyprotein repositories (pp1a and pp1ab), armed with self-cleavage capacity for production of sixteen non-structural proteins. Novel glycosylation sites on the spike trimer reveal unique SARS-CoV-2 features for shielding and cellular internalization. Affording complexity for superior fitness and camouflage, SARS-CoV-2 challenges diagnosis and vaccine vigilance. This review serves the scientific community seeking in-depth molecular details when designing drugs to curb transmission of this biological armament.

Keywords: 2019-nCoV; COVID-19; RNA; bats; coronavirus; pandemic; virus.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19 / genetics
  • COVID-19 / metabolism
  • COVID-19 / virology*
  • Humans
  • Open Reading Frames
  • Pandemics
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2 / genetics*
  • SARS-CoV-2 / metabolism*
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism*

Substances

  • RNA, Viral
  • Viral Proteins