Organic seed priming with curtailed seed rate compensated wheat grains productivity by upgrading anti-oxidant status against terminal drought at flowering and milking

Hamid Nawaz; Haseeb-Ur Rehman; Muhammad Zahid Ihsan; Muhammad Shahid Rizwan; Nazim Hussain; Basharat Ali; Rashid Iqbal; Muhammad Usama Hasnain; Mohamed S Elshikh; Jawaher Alkahtani; Muhammad Arslan

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54767-6

Organic seed priming with curtailed seed rate compensated wheat grains productivity by upgrading anti-oxidant status against terminal drought at flowering and milking

Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 28;14(1):4941. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54767-6.

Affiliations

¹ Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan. hamidnawaz@iub.edu.pk.
² Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
³ Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
⁴ Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
⁶ Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan.
⁷ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany. m.arslan@uni-bonn.de.

Abstract

Terminal irrigation drought stress is one of the most drastic abiotic stress to diminish the wheat crop development and grains yield in arid regions of the world. The use of moringa leaf extract (MLE30) via seed priming technique is investigated as an organic and sustainable approach for the mitigation of drought stress along with curtailed seed rate in wheat crop. The study investigated the interaction of organic seed priming: control (dry seeds), hydro-priming, MLE30-priming, seed rate: recommended @ 125 kg ha^-1, curtailed @ 25 kg ha^-1, and terminal irrigation drought (TID): normal irrigation, mild-TID, severe-TID in wheat crop at agronomic research station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan during the wheat winter season of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. The application of organic MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity especially total soluble proteins by 15%, superoxide dismutase by 68%, peroxidase by 16%, catalase by 70%, ascorbic acid by 17% and total protein contents by 91% under severe-TID. Yield and yield-related morphological attributes performed better in MLE30-priming as compared to hydro-priming. An effective trend was observed in the plant's chlorophyll contents, K⁺, and water use efficiency after being treated with MLE30-priming followed by hydro-priming under curtailed seed rate. The higher benefit-cost ratio and net income return were observed with the application of MLE30-priming with curtailed seed rate under mild-TID and severe-TID. So, it is suggested to adopt the MLE30-priming technique along with a curtailed seed rate for improving the crop establishment, stress regulation, and economic return under limited availability of irrigation water. The project findings recommended that the application of exogenous application of organic MLE30-seed priming favored and compensated the maximum wheat grains production under curtailed seed rate @ 25 kg ha^-1 and induced terminal drought stress at flowering and milking conditions.

Keywords: Anti-oxidant; BCR; Curtailed seed rate; Grain’s yield; MLE30-priming; Wheat.

MeSH terms

Antioxidants* / metabolism
Droughts
Seeds
Triticum*
Water / metabolism

Substances

Antioxidants
Water