Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NH4PF6 Polymer Electrolytes

Shujahadeen B Aziz; Mohamad A Brza; Iver Brevik; Muhamad H Hafiz; Ahmad S F M Asnawi; Yuhanees M Yusof; Rebar T Abdulwahid; Mohd F Z Kadir

doi:10.3390/polym12092103

Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NH₄PF₆ Polymer Electrolytes

Polymers (Basel). 2020 Sep 16;12(9):2103. doi: 10.3390/polym12092103.

Authors

Shujahadeen B Aziz^{1

2}, Mohamad A Brza³, Iver Brevik⁴, Muhamad H Hafiz⁵, Ahmad S F M Asnawi⁶, Yuhanees M Yusof⁶, Rebar T Abdulwahid^{1

7}, Mohd F Z Kadir⁸

Affiliations

¹ Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
² Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
³ Manufacturing and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
⁵ Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
⁶ Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Alor Gajah 78000, Malacca, Malaysia.
⁷ Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Old Campus, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
⁸ Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Abstract

This research paper investigates the electrochemical performance of chitosan (CS): dextran (DX) polymer-blend electrolytes (PBEs), which have been developed successfully with the incorporation of ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH₄PF₆). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the plasticized electrolyte system with the highest value of direct current (DC) ionic conductivity is the most amorphous system. The glycerol addition increased the amorphous phase and improved the ionic dissociation, which contributed to the enhancement of the fabricated device's performance. Transference number analysis (TNM) has shown that the charge transport process is mainly by ions rather than electrons, as t_ion = 0.957. The CS:DX:NH₄PF₆ system was found to decompose as the voltage goes beyond 1.5 V. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) revealed that the potential window for the most plasticized system is 1.5 V. The fabricated electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge analysis. The results from CV verify that the EDLC in this work holds the characteristics of a capacitor. The imperative parameters of the fabricated EDLC such as specific capacitance and internal resistance were found to be 102.9 F/g and 30 Ω, respectively. The energy stored and power delivered by the EDLC were 11.6 Wh/kg and 2741.2 W/kg, respectively.

Keywords: XRD analysis; ammonium hexafluorophosphate; chitosan-dextran blend electrolyte; electrochemical double-layer capacitor device; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study; glycerol.