Iron Deposits in Periaqueductal Gray Matter Are Associated with Poor Response to OnabotulinumtoxinA in Chronic Migraine

Toxins (Basel). 2020 Jul 28;12(8):479. doi: 10.3390/toxins12080479.

Abstract

Previous studies have reported increased brain deposits of iron in patients with chronic migraine (CM). This study aims to determine the relation between iron deposits and outcome after treatment with OnabotulinumtoxinA (OnabotA). Demographic and clinical data were collected for this study through a prospective cohort study including 62 CM patients treated with OnabotA in the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Demographic and clinical variables were registered. Selected biomarkers in plasma during interictal periods (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pentraxin-3 (PTX3)) and neuroimaging changes (iron deposits in the red nucleus (RN), substantia nigra (SN), globus pallidus (GP), and periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), and white matter lesions (WML)) were determined. Subjects were classified in responders (≥50% reduction in headache days) or non-responders (<50%). Responders to treatment were younger (mean age difference = 12.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4-18.9, p = 0.001), showed higher serum levels of CGRP (≥50 ng/mL) and PTX3 (≥1000 pg/mL) and smaller iron deposits in the GP and PAG (mean difference = 805.0; 95% CI: 37.9-1572.1 μL, p = 0.040 and mean difference = 69.8; 95% CI: 31.0-108.6 μL, p = 0.008; respectively). Differences in PAG iron deposits remained significant after adjusting for age (mean difference = 65.7; 95% CI: 22.8-108.6 μL, p = 0.003) and were associated with poor response to OnabotA after adjustment for clinical and biochemical variables (odds ratio (OR) = 0.963; 95% CI: 0.927-0.997, p = 0.041). We conclude that larger PAG iron deposits are associated with poor response to OnabotA in CM.

Keywords: chronic migraine; iron deposits; onabotulinumtoxinA; periaqueductal gray matter.

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / therapeutic use*
  • Chronic Disease
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Iron / metabolism*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Migraine Disorders / diagnostic imaging
  • Migraine Disorders / drug therapy*
  • Migraine Disorders / metabolism
  • Neuromuscular Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Periaqueductal Gray / diagnostic imaging
  • Periaqueductal Gray / metabolism*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Neuromuscular Agents
  • Iron
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A
  • onabotulinum toxin A