Novel Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Inhibitors Targeting Host Factors Essential for Replication of Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Viruses. 2020 Dec 10;12(12):1423. doi: 10.3390/v12121423.

Abstract

Recent RNA virus outbreaks such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Ebola virus (EBOV) have caused worldwide health emergencies highlighting the urgent need for new antiviral strategies. Targeting host cell pathways supporting viral replication is an attractive approach for development of antiviral compounds, especially with new, unexplored viruses where knowledge of virus biology is limited. Here, we present a strategy to identify host-targeted small molecule inhibitors using an image-based phenotypic antiviral screening assay followed by extensive target identification efforts revealing altered cellular pathways upon antiviral compound treatment. The newly discovered antiviral compounds showed broad-range antiviral activity against pathogenic RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, EBOV and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Target identification of the antiviral compounds by thermal protein profiling revealed major effects on proteostasis pathways and disturbance in interactions between cellular HSP70 complex and viral proteins, illustrating the supportive role of HSP70 on many RNA viruses across virus families. Collectively, this strategy identifies new small molecule inhibitors with broad antiviral activity against pathogenic RNA viruses, but also uncovers novel virus biology urgently needed for design of new antiviral therapies.

Keywords: HSP70; antivirals; pathogenic RNA viruses; target identification; virus-host interactions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line
  • Ebolavirus / drug effects
  • Ebolavirus / physiology
  • HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / metabolism
  • Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo / drug effects
  • Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo / physiology
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Protein Binding / drug effects
  • Protein Stability
  • Proteome / drug effects
  • Proteostasis / drug effects
  • RNA Virus Infections / metabolism
  • RNA Virus Infections / virology
  • RNA Viruses / drug effects*
  • RNA Viruses / physiology
  • SARS-CoV-2 / drug effects
  • SARS-CoV-2 / physiology
  • Small Molecule Libraries / pharmacology
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism
  • Virus Replication / drug effects*

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
  • Proteome
  • Small Molecule Libraries
  • Viral Proteins