New health index derived from oxidative potential and cell toxicity of fine particulate matter to assess its potential health effect

Toxicological data and exposure levels of fine particulate matters (PM_2.5) are necessary to better understand their health effects. Simultaneous measurements of PM_2.5 oxidative potential (OP) and cell toxicity in urban areas (Beijing, China and Gwangju, Korea) reveal their dependence on chemical composition. Notably, acids (Polar), benzocarboxylic acids, and Pb were the chemical components that affected both OP and cell toxicity. OP varied more significantly among different locations and seasons (winter and summer) than cell toxicity. Using the measured OP, cell toxicity, and PM_2.5 concentration, a health index was developed to better assess the potential health effects of PM_2.5. The health index was related to the sources of PM_2.5 derived from the measured chemical components. The contributions of secondary organic aerosols and dust to the proposed health index were more significant than their contributions to PM_2.5 mass. The developed regression equation was used to predict the health effect of PM_2.5 without further toxicity measurements. This new index could be a valuable health metric that provides information beyond just the PM_2.5 concentration level.