Mu Opioid Receptor 1 (MOR-1) Expression in Colorectal Cancer and Oncological Long-Term Outcomes: A Five-Year Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

Preclinical evidence has shown increased expression of mu opioid receptor 1 (MOR-1) in colorectal cancer although its association with disease-free and overall survival (DFS and OS) has not been investigated. We hypothesized that MOR-1 was overexpressed in tumor samples compared to normal tissue and this was associated with decreased DFS and OS. We carried out a retrospective study assessing the association of MOR-1 tumor expression with long-term outcomes by immunohistochemistry in normal and tumor samples from 174 colorectal cancer patients. The primary endpoint was five years of DFS. Secondary endpoints were five years of OS, the difference in MOR-1 expression between normal and tumor tissue and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Multivariable Cox regression showed no significant association between MOR-1 expression and DFS (HR 0.791, 95% CI 0.603-1.039, p = 0.092). MOR-1 expression was higher in tumor tissue compared to non-tumor tissue. No associations were found between MOR-1 expression and OS or postoperative complications. These findings suggest that although MOR-1 is over-expressed in colorectal cancer samples there is no association to increased risk of recurrence or mortality. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the role of cancer stage, genetic polymorphism, and quantitative assessment of MOR-1 over-expression on long-term outcomes in colorectal cancer.