Abstract
'Mato Peiyu' pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck 'Mato Peiyu') leaves from pruning are currently an agricultural waste. The aim of this study was to isolate essential oils from these leaves through steam distillation (SD) and solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and to evaluate their applicability to skin care by analyzing their antimicrobial, antioxidant (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, β-carotene/linoleic acid assay, and nitric oxide scavenging assay), anti-inflammatory (5-lipoxygenase inhibition assay), and antityrosinase activities. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results indicated that the main components of 'Mato Peiyu' leaf essential oils were citronellal and citronellol, with a total percentage of 50.71% and 59.82% for SD and SFME, respectively. The highest bioactivity among all assays was obtained for 5-lipoxygenase inhibition, with an IC50 value of 0.034% (v/v). The MIC90 of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans ranged from 0.086% to 0.121% (v/v). Citronellal and citronellol were the main contributors, accounting for at least 54.58% of the essential oil's bioactivity. This paper is the first to report the compositions and bioactivities of 'Mato Peiyu' leaf essential oil, and the results imply that the pomelo leaf essential oil may be applied in skin care.
Keywords:
anti-inflammation; antimicrobial; antioxidant; antityrosinase; chemical composition; essential oil.
MeSH terms
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Acyclic Monoterpenes
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Aldehydes / chemistry
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Aldehydes / isolation & purification
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Aldehydes / pharmacology
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Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry*
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Anti-Infective Agents / isolation & purification
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Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / chemistry*
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / isolation & purification
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
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Antioxidants / chemistry*
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Antioxidants / isolation & purification
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Antioxidants / pharmacology
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Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / metabolism
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Biphenyl Compounds / antagonists & inhibitors
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Biphenyl Compounds / chemistry
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Candida albicans / drug effects
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Candida albicans / growth & development
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Citrus / chemistry*
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Distillation / methods
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Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry*
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Enzyme Inhibitors / isolation & purification
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Escherichia coli / drug effects
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Escherichia coli / growth & development
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Liquid-Liquid Extraction / methods
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Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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Microwaves
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Monophenol Monooxygenase / antagonists & inhibitors
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Monophenol Monooxygenase / metabolism
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Monoterpenes / chemistry
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Monoterpenes / isolation & purification
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Monoterpenes / pharmacology
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Nitric Oxide / antagonists & inhibitors
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Nitric Oxide / chemistry
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Oils, Volatile / chemistry*
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Oils, Volatile / isolation & purification
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Oils, Volatile / pharmacology
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Picrates / antagonists & inhibitors
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Picrates / chemistry
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Plant Leaves / chemistry*
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa / drug effects
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa / growth & development
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Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
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Staphylococcus aureus / growth & development
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beta Carotene / antagonists & inhibitors
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beta Carotene / chemistry
Substances
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Acyclic Monoterpenes
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Aldehydes
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Anti-Infective Agents
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Antioxidants
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Biphenyl Compounds
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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Monoterpenes
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Oils, Volatile
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Picrates
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beta Carotene
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Nitric Oxide
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1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
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Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase
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Monophenol Monooxygenase
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citronellol
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citronellal