Linking Intertidal and Subtidal Food Webs: Consumer-Mediated Transport of Intertidal Benthic Microalgal Carbon

PLoS One. 2015 Oct 8;10(10):e0139802. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139802. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

We examined stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios for a large variety of consumers in intertidal and subtidal habitats, and their potential primary food sources [i.e., microphytobenthos (MPB), phytoplankton, and Phragmites australis] in a coastal bay system, Yeoja Bay of Korea, to test the hypothesis that the transfer of intertidal MPB-derived organic carbon to the subtidal food web can be mediated by motile consumers. Compared to a narrow δ13C range (-18 to -16‰) of offshore consumers, a broad δ13C range (-18 to -12‰) of both intertidal and subtidal consumers indicated that 13C-enriched sources of organic matter are an important trophic source to coastal consumers. In the intertidal areas, δ13C of most consumers overlapped with or was 13C-enriched relative to MPB. Despite the scarcity of MPB in the subtidal, highly motile consumers in subtidal habitat had nearly identical δ13C range with many intertidal foragers (including crustaceans and fish), overlapping with the range of MPB. In contrast, δ13C values of many sedentary benthic invertebrates in the subtidal areas were similar to those of offshore consumers and more 13C-depleted than motile foragers, indicating high dependence on phytoplankton-derived carbon. The isotopic mixing model calculation confirms that the majority of motile consumers and also some of subtidal sedentary ones depend on intertidal MPB for more than a half of their tissue carbon. Finally, although further quantitative estimates are needed, these results suggest that direct foraging by motile consumers on intertidal areas, and thereby biological transport of MPB-derived organic carbon to the subtidal areas, may provide important trophic connection between intertidal production and the nearshore shallow subtidal food webs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bayes Theorem
  • Carbon / chemistry*
  • Carbon / metabolism
  • Carbon Isotopes / chemistry
  • Carbon Isotopes / metabolism
  • Crassostrea / chemistry
  • Crassostrea / metabolism
  • Ecosystem
  • Food Chain*
  • Microalgae / chemistry*
  • Microalgae / metabolism
  • Nitrogen Isotopes / chemistry
  • Nitrogen Isotopes / metabolism
  • Phytoplankton / chemistry
  • Phytoplankton / metabolism
  • Scapharca / chemistry
  • Scapharca / metabolism
  • Seasons
  • Zooplankton / chemistry
  • Zooplankton / metabolism

Substances

  • Carbon Isotopes
  • Nitrogen Isotopes
  • Carbon

Grants and funding

This research was partly supported by the project titled "Long-term change of structure and function in marine ecosystems of Korea", funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. This work was partially supported by National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (Project No. RP-2014-FR-064). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.