Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Current Progress Regarding Implementation in the Clinical Routine

Genes (Basel). 2019 Apr 1;10(4):261. doi: 10.3390/genes10040261.

Abstract

There is a special interest in the implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice, although there are some barriers that are preventing this integration. A large part of these pharmacogenetic tests are focused on drugs used in oncology and psychiatry fields and for antiviral drugs. However, the scientific evidence is also high for other drugs used in other medical areas, for example, in cardiology. In this article, we discuss the evidence and guidelines currently available on pharmacogenetics for clopidogrel, warfarin, acenocoumarol, and simvastatin and its implementation in daily clinical practice.

Keywords: acenocoumarol; clopidogrel; pharmacogenetics; warfarin.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acenocoumarol / adverse effects
  • Acenocoumarol / therapeutic use
  • Anticoagulants / adverse effects*
  • Anticoagulants / therapeutic use
  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / genetics
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / genetics*
  • Clopidogrel / adverse effects
  • Clopidogrel / therapeutic use
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 / genetics
  • Guidelines as Topic
  • Humans
  • Pharmacogenetics*
  • Precision Medicine
  • Simvastatin / adverse effects
  • Simvastatin / therapeutic use
  • Warfarin / adverse effects
  • Warfarin / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Warfarin
  • Clopidogrel
  • Simvastatin
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
  • Acenocoumarol