A new measure of node centrality on schedule-based space-time networks for the designation of spread potential

Dino Pitoski; Karlo Babić; Ana Meštrović

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49723-9

A new measure of node centrality on schedule-based space-time networks for the designation of spread potential

Sci Rep. 2023 Dec 19;13(1):22561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49723-9.

Authors

Dino Pitoski¹, Karlo Babić^{2

3}, Ana Meštrović^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. dino.pitoski@uniri.hr.
² Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
³ Faculty of Informatics and Digital Technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.

Abstract

Node centrality is one of the most frequently revisited network theoretical concepts, which got many calculation method alternatives, each of them being conceived on different empirical or theoretical network abstractions. The vast majority of centrality measures produced up to date were conceived on static network abstractions (the so-called "snapshot" networks), which arguably are less realistic than dynamic (temporal) network abstractions. The new, temporal node centrality measure that we offer with this article, is based on an uncommon abstraction, of a space-time network derived from service schedules (timetables). The proposed measure was designed to rank nodes of a space-time network based on their spread or transmission potential, and was subsequently implemented on the network of sea ferry transportation derived from the aggregated schedules for sea ferry liner shipping services in Europe, as they occurred in the month of August, 2015. The main feature of our measure, named "the Spread Potential", is the evaluation of the potential of a node in the network for transmitting disease, information (e.g. rumours or false news), as well as other phenomena, whichever support a space-time network abstraction from regular and scheduled services with some known carrying capacities. Such abstractions are, for instance, of the transportation networks (e.g. of airline or maritime shipping or the wider logistics (delivery) networks), networks of medical (hospital) services, educational (teaching) services, and virtually, of any other scheduled networked phenomenon. The article also offers the perspectives of the measure's applicability on the non-scheduled space-time network abstractions.