Characterizing the benthic community in Maryland's offshore wind energy areas using a towed camera sled: Developing a method to reduce the effort of image analysis and community description

PLoS One. 2019 May 2;14(5):e0215966. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215966. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

Offshore wind farms are a crucial component for the improvement of renewable energy in the United States. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) designated ~170 km2 of shelf area for wind energy development off the coast of Maryland, USA. In order to understand potential environmental impacts of wind turbine installation on the benthic ecosystem within the designated area, we conducted a study to visually characterize bottom habitats and epibenthic communities in the Mid-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf blocks of the Maryland wind energy area. Seven 5 km long transects were sampled using a towed camera sled with a downward-facing digital camera that captured images at 5 frames·s-1s. Additional small-mesh beam trawling was also conducted at selected locations complementary for species identification. Image data were analyzed using two image selection methods, random and systematic (i.e. video frames were selected at various intervals). For both methods, estimates of community diversity (Hill's N2) stabilized with sample sizes ranging from 316 to 398 frames. Our results allowed us to define distinct epibenthic communities and bottom habitats that are associated with offshore wind energy sites and to develop a sampling technique for digital images that can be applied to other research programs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biota
  • Ecosystem*
  • Environmental Monitoring / instrumentation
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods*
  • Maryland
  • Renewable Energy*
  • Residence Characteristics*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Wind*

Grants and funding

This project was partially supported by funding from Maryland Department of Natural Resources contract 14-13-1680 MEA. PI: BGS. Funding for authors salaries and publication fees comes from: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program award number NA11SEC4810002 and NA16SEC4810007, Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.