Occurrence of atheromatous plaques on the internal wall of large and medium sized arteries represents a widely spread disease. It is especially found in the elderly, but also in individuals belonging to the 4th-6th decade of life with an increasing incidence. Correlating the main etiological factors with morphological change severity, in conjunction with settling the importance of each factor on its own in generating and developing arterial plaques, has an important predictive role in the evolution of atherosclerotic pathology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the existence of a correlation between the main factors linked to atheromatosis and the degree of severity of the carotid artery stenosis. This is obtained by ultrasonographic examination of the carotid arteries in correlation with determining serum cholesterol levels, thus ascertaining the risk for atheroma related events and disease progression.