Abstract
The gastrointestinal lumen is a rich source of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses which, together with bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms comprise the gut microbiota. Pathogenic viruses inhabiting this niche have the potential to induce local as well as systemic complications; among them, the viral ability to disrupt the mucosal barrier is one mechanism associated with the promotion of diarrhea and tissue invasion. This review gathers recent evidence showing the contributing effects of diet, gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system to either support or impair the mucosal barrier in the context of viral attack.
Keywords:
barrier; epithelium; gastrointestinal disorders; gut; permeability; submucosal neurons.
MeSH terms
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Bacteriophages / physiology*
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Defensins / physiology
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Diet*
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Digestion
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Disease Susceptibility
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Enteric Nervous System / physiology*
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Enteric Nervous System / virology
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Food / virology
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Gastric Mucosa / immunology
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Gastric Mucosa / innervation
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Gastric Mucosa / metabolism
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Gastric Mucosa / virology*
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Gastroenteritis / virology
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
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Host Microbial Interactions / immunology
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Host Microbial Interactions / physiology*
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Humans
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Intestinal Mucosa / immunology
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Intestinal Mucosa / innervation
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Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism
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Intestinal Mucosa / virology*
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Malnutrition / virology
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Mucus / metabolism
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Mucus / virology
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Neurons / virology
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Opportunistic Infections / virology
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Plant Viruses
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Virus Diseases / microbiology
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Virus Diseases / physiopathology
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Viruses*