Geographic information science in the era of geospatial big data: A cyberspace perspective

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Kowloon, China.
• ² Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education of PRC), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
• ³ Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
• ⁴ The French Naval Academy Research Institute, 29240 Lanveoc-Poulmic, France.
• ⁵ The Bartlett Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA), University College London (UCL), WC1E 6BT London, UK.
• ⁶ Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Shatin 999077, China.
• ⁷ Department of Civil Engineering, Cairo University, 12613 Cairo, Egypt.
• ⁸ SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London (UCL), WC1E 6BT London, UK.
• ⁹ Department of Geoinformatics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
• ¹⁰ Institute of Interactive Technologies (IIT), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland.
• ¹¹ Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
• ¹² Laboratory on Cartography, Department of Photogrammetry and Cartography, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
• ¹³ Laboratory on Geoinformatics and Cartography, Department of Geography, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Česká Republika.
• ¹⁴ Computer Science and Engineering, Tandon School & Center for Urban Science + Progress, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
• ¹⁵ School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
• ¹⁶ Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
• ¹⁷ Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
• ¹⁸ Centre for Environmental Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹⁹ Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708, the Netherlands.
• ²⁰ Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
• ²¹ School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.