The present study demonstrates the possibility of manufacturing polyurethane [ChronoFlex (CF)] nerve guidance channels (NGCs) featuring a highly smooth internal surface. Comparative SEM and AFM observations prove marked differences between the internal surface microgeometry of Silastic and CF channels. SEM of CF samples shows a surface with no detectable roughness, while Silastic channels show transversal rows along the entire surface. AFM digital image of Silastic samples show a surface with a rough microgeometry defined by a tridimensional pattern with peaks up to 1400 nm. AFM digital image of CF samples show, indeed, an essentially flat microgeometry with the highest level at 545 nm. These preliminary results suggest that the association of an innovative sequential deposition manufacturing technique with the new CF polyurethane may produce NGCs with a smoother surface microgeometry, in comparison to NGCs obtained from commercial Silastic tubes.