Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of orthognathic surgery in cases with posttraumatic malocclusion as a long-term complication of condylar process fractures.
Patients and methods: A retrospective study on 21 patients with posttraumatic malocclusions attributable to condylar process fractures was performed. In group I, 15 patients were treated for asymmetric malocclusion with unilateral or bilateral mandibular ramus osteotomies. In group II, six patients were treated for anterior open bit with either a Le Fort I osteotomy (n=5) or a bilateral ramus osteotomy (n=1). All patients had clinical and radiographic follow-up for at least 1 year.
Results: Stable dental and cephalometric results were obtained in all patients except the one in group II who was treated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomies. In two cases, both in the asymmetric group, minor occlusal interferences had to be treated by equilibration in the early postoperative period.
Conclusions: Orthognathic surgery is a predictable and stable method for the treatment of posttraumatic malocclusion due to condylar process fractures. Maxillary orthognathic surgery is successful in correcting symmetric anterior open bites due to bilateral condylar process fractures. Because posttraumatic malocclusion is a rare complication after closed treatment of condylar process fractures, and it can be treated satisfactorily using orthognathic surgery, routine open reduction and fixation of condylar process fractures is not indicated to prevent posttraumatic malocclusion.