Background: Patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are exposed to oxidative stress. Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were demonstrated in plasma of uraemic patients, indicating accelerated lipid peroxidation (LPO) as a consequence of multiple pathogenetic factors. The aim of our investigation was to examine the role of renal anaemia in oxidative stress in HD patients.
Methods: MDA and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) were measured in three groups of patients undergoing HD: group I comprised eight patients with a blood haemoglobin (Hb) < 10 g/dl (mean Hb = 8.1+/-1.3 g/dl), and group II were eight patients with a Hb > 10 g/dl (mean Hb=12.4+/-1.9g/dl); none of these 16 patients had been treated with human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEpo). Group III comprised 27 patients with a mean Hb of 10.5+/-1.6 g/dl after long-term rHuEpo treatment.
Results: Mean plasma concentrations of both MDA and HNE were significantly higher (P<0.0001) in all 43 HD patients than in 20 healthy controls (MDA 2.85+/-0.25 vs 0.37+/-0.03 microM, HNE 0.32+/-0.03 vs 0.10+/-0.01 microM). Comparing the three groups, it was shown that HD patients with a Hb <10 g/dl had significantly higher plasma levels of LPO products (MDA 3.81+/-0.86 microM, HNE 0.45+/-0.07 microM) than HD patients with a Hb >10g/dl (MDA 2.77+/-0.58 UM, HNE 0.25+/-0.05 microM), and than HD patients treated with rHuEpo (MDA 2.50+/-0.12 microM, HNE 0.29+/-0.03 microM). Furthermore, an inverse correlation between plasma concentration of LPO products and haemoglobin levels was seen (r=0.62, P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Radical generation in HD patients might be caused in part by renal anemia itself. Treatment with rHuEpo may decrease radical generation effectively in HD patients due to the increase in the number of red blood cells and blood haemoglobin concentration.