Recurrence of membranous nephropathy after renal transplantation has been reported either anecdotally or in a few series. In the present study, the potential risk factors as well as hitherto unreported actuarial risk for recurrence and graft loss due to recurrence were evaluated by combining data of a series of transplanted patients with MN at Louvain Medical School (n = 12) and at Lyon (n = 18; previously reported by Couchoud et al. 1995) giving a total of 30 patients. No risk factor for recurrence was identified as there was no statistical difference between the patients with and without recurrence for duration of MN in native kidneys or of pretransplant hemodialysis, presence of HLA-DR3, graft origin and use of cyclosporin. Actuarial risk for recurrence reached 29% at 3 years, plateauing up to 10 years. The outcome of recurrence was poor since the actual risk for graft loss among patients with recurrent MN was 38 and 52% at 5 and 10 years, respectively.