The correction of groin hernias has increasingly been performed by transperitoneal videolaparoscopic methods, using a polypropylene mesh. This could lead to an increased incidence of adhesion formation. The incidence of adhesions induced by mesh placement and the influence of reperitonization was observed on 40 male adult Wistar rats. Adhesions were significantly more common on the groups in which the prosthesis was placed (59% vs 95%; p = 0.01), as well as on the groups in which reperitonization was performed (58% vs 100%; p = 0.03). The results suggest that polypropylene mesh placement and reperitonization are each independent factors in the induction of adhesions formation.