High dosage melfalan chemotherapy with subsequent autologous blood stem cell transplantation in suitably selected patients with multiple myeloma greatly increases the probability that complete remission will be achieved and it prolongs the mean survival period as compared with classical chemotherapy. Till recently patients with multiple myeloma and renal insufficiency were not included in transplantation programmes. Only recently several papers were published abroad which indicate the possibility to implement transplantations also in these patients. The authors describe the treatment, incl. the first autologous transplantation of blood stem cells in a patient with multiple myeloma and renal insufficiency.