Protein phosphorylation controls major steps of proliferation and differentiation in eukaryotic cells. However there are few studies done in protozoa particularly when being triggered by external stimuli. In this paper we have examined the tyrosine- and serine/threonine-phosphorylated proteins in both promastigote and amastigote-like forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana stimulated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. Stimulation with IGF-I induces major tyrosine phosphorylation of a 185-kDa protein in promastigotes and 60- and 40-kDa proteins in amastigotes. Analysis of total phosphorylation revealed additional sets of phosphorylated proteins: a 110-kDa protein band in promastigotes and two other proteins of 120 and 95 kDa in the amastigote-like forms. To further analyze the IGF-I-mediated response we compared it with the phosphorylation pattern obtained with a known inducer of protein kinase C, phorbol myristate acetate. This analysis showed overlapping phosphorylation of most of the proteins but mainly of the 185- and 110-kDa proteins in the promastigotes and the 95-, 60- and 40-kDa proteins in the amastigote-like forms. We thus conclude that there are phosphorylation-dependent pathways in Leishmania parasites induced by IGF-I that are stage-specific.