The frequency distributions of A1A2B0, Rhesus, MNSs, P, Duffy, Kell, Hp, Tf, AcP, PGM1 alleles, and haplotypes were studied in Siberian populations of Old Believers (Burnyi village, Krasnoyarskii krai, and Isetskii raion, Tyumenskaya oblast) and in ethnic Russians from Tyumenskaya oblast. Features characteristic of the genetic structure of these groups were revealed. The Siberian groups of Russians were shown to be genetically removed from European Russian populations (Tverskaya and Vologodskaya oblasts). The Burnyi population of Old Believers was significantly removed from the other groups of Russians due to peculiarities in the sample.