Data on the contents of protein, fats and toxic compounds (PCB, DDT, gamma-Lindane) in breast milk Russian and Vietnamese women after timely and premature childbed are resulted. The contents of protein in transitive milk was higher than in mature milk, both timely childbed and premature one. The contents of protein in nature milk of the Vietnamese women was lower, than in mature milk of the Russian women (12 g/l against 16.5 g/l accordingly). The contents of fat in breast milk of the Russian women in lactation increased. Vietnamese women had very low fat level in mature milk (29 g/l against 42 g/l at the Russian women). The contents of toxic compounds (PCB, DDT, gamma-Lindane) in breast milk both, Vietnamese women and Russian women was rather high and significant frequency of detection of these compounds in milk was marked. The correlation contents of basic food components in breast milk and level of toxic compounds was absent.