As we enter the second half of the nineties, one of the major challenges for biological infrared spectroscopists is to transfer the knowledge we have gained from studies on isolated molecules to the complex world of medicine. That it is possible to meet this challenge is suggested by comparison with the development of other biophysical techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, which have already found their place in medical research and practice. The Spectroscopy Group in Winnipeg is developing and evaluating a variety of new IR techniques for the analysis of body fluids and tissues, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we review these methodologies, which comprise both instrumental (imaging and spatially localized IR spectroscopy) and interpretational procedures aimed at optimizing the measurements and their conversion to biodiagnostic information.