A cytological investigation of erythropoiesis and the peripheral blood was performed in 66 patients with a severe burn disease. It was established that the ultraviolet photomodification of the autoblood in complex with detoxication optimized hemopoiesis and allowed the nontransfusion correction of burn anemia to be performed at the expense of using the reserves of medullary hemopoiesis. The maintenance of basic parameters of the peripheral blood at the adaptational level requires 20% less erythrocyte-containing preparations of blood which naturally reduces the risk of post-transfusional complications.