In a total of 10 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer-type (DAT) and in 10 healthy controls near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a new non-invasive optical method, was used to measure the changes of concentrations of oxy- (O2HB) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHB) in left and right hemispheric prefrontal brain tissue areas during performance of the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). On a neuropsychological level, the healthy subjects performed better in the VFT than patients with DAT. Statistical analysis of the relative concentrations of O2HB and HHB measured with NIRS during performance of the VFT revealed a significant interaction of the hemispheric effects with the diagnosis. A possible interpretation of this finding is that a good performance in the VFT relies on a predominantly left hemispheric activation observed in controls, whereas a low number of correct responses is associated with a loss of this asymmetric activation in patients with DAT. Although both, patients and controls, performed better in the category version of the VFT, the metabolic effects of this task were significantly less pronounced than in the letter version. This indicates that different energy demands, according to the type of access to the memory stores, may be interpreted as the result of a less energy-demanding access to categorically stored information and adds further evidence to the view that memory departments in humans are organized according to categorical principles.