This study aimed to compare the isolation rates of Burkholderia pseudomallei among community-based hospitals located in the central, north, northeast, and south of Thailand. A questionnaire inquiring about the number of isolation of B. pseudomallei from various clinical specimens during 1994-95 were mailed to 141 community-based hospitals. Of these, 125 hospitals (88.6%) responded to the questionnaire. Microbiological laboratory was not available in thirty hospitals. Data from 95 remaining hospitals with capability to do bacterial culture showed that B. pseudomallei was never isolated in 49 hospitals. Eleven, 9, 19 and 7 hospitals where B. pseudomallei has been isolated, are located in the central, north, northeast and south of Thailand respectively. From these 46 hospitals, a total of 1,131 strains of B. pseudomallei were isolated from 407,263 specimens in 1994 and 1,165 strains from 440,541 specimens in 1995. However, the isolation was most frequent in northeastern hospitals, which accounted for 890 and 964 strains in 1994 and 1995 respectively while only 94, 76, 71 and 83, 75, 43 strains were simultaneously isolated during the 2-year period in those located in central, north and south respectively. The isolation rates of B. speudomallei in 1994 and 1995 were 4.2 and 4.1 per 1,000 clinical specimens in northeastern hospitals as compared to 1.1, 1.8, 1.1 and 1.1, 1.2, 0.7 in those located in central, north and south respectively. Ubon Ratchathani, Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram, Khon Kaen and Udon Thani were the five provinces which exhibited the highest isolation rates as follows; 244, 150, 147, 127, 100 and 218, 128, 114, 119, 58, in 1994 and 1995, respectively. It was concluded that B.pseudomallei was most commonly isolated in the northeast of Thailand. Under-recognition of B. pseudomallei may prevail not only in other parts of Thailand but in some areas of the northeast as well.