We have compared the results of targeted manual rescreening of 1211 randomly selected smears with the results of PAPNET-assisted rescreening of 1613 cervical smears, containing at least 6.3% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). PAPNET diagnosis and the targeted rescreening diagnosis were compared with the initial report, issued on the corresponding smear. Reproducibility scores for inadequacy, presence of endocervical and endometrial cells, specific infections and squamous cell abnormalities were determined. The reproducibility scores for the diagnosis of inadequate smears and specific infections were lower with the PAPNET-assisted rescreening. The detection of squamous cell abnormalities was excellent for both methods (> 0.95), with a higher detection rate for false-negative smears with the PAPNET testing system.