Mass screening programs to detect breast cancer are currently under way in many countries. In France, several districts have been running mammographic screening programs since 1989. A survey was conducted in five of these districts and in a sixth district where no screening program was implemented. Using a self-addressed questionnaire mailed to a sample of 1500 women aged over 20 years, the survey was aimed at assessing women's use of mammography as well as their knowledge and perception of mammographic breast cancer screening. According to district, the compliance of the women replying to the questionnaire ranged from 72 to 82%. The proportion of women who had at least one mammography during their life ranged from 41 to 54%, according to district. The percentage of women aged 50 to 69 who had one mammography within 3 years before the survey ranged from 57 to 78% in the experimental districts and was only 48% in the control district. In all districts, women did not know exactly at what age it is recommended to start screening and with what periodicity, but, when invited to do so, they were satisfied with the program and intended to participate again.