Bacterial flora in 72 women suffering from infertility was assessed. The medium age of women was 28.9 years (22-37) and the duration of infertility-5.5 years (2-15). Cultures were taken during laparoscopy (65) or microsurgery (7) from vagina, cervical canal and the fallopian tubes. Specific cultures for anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, N. gonorrhoeae, C. Trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis were taken. In the specimens from fallopian tubes 21 species of bacteria were cultured. The most often coagulase-negative staphylococci (54.3%) as well as aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli were found (23.9%). In conclusion we think that the proper preparation of patients in the preoperative period decreases significantly the number of isolated species of bacteria. Also the profile of cultured species differs from that found in women from western populations, especially from United States and Sweden.