The paper outlines the results of studies dealt with the detection of risk factors and groups for enterobiasis, the efficiency of the treatment of children suffering from the disease with medamine, biologicals, and Normase. It is shown that risk factors may include an abnormal course of antenatality, minor developmental malformations (diastema, dystrophy, abnormalities of the eye, hand, foot, etc.), as well as early artificial feeding of babies (before they reach 3 months of life). Enterobiasis is found to have a negative influence on the physical, nervous, and mental development and suppression of non-specific immunity in children, which is suggested by the reduction in salivary lysozyme activity, which is lower than the normal level and on blood alpha-interferon production. There is strong evidence for the considerable immunosuppressive effects of enterobiasis on the formation of a postvaccinal immunity against measles. When given in a single course dose, medamine shows a 100% efficiency in the treatment of enterobiasis. Moreover, bificol, bifidumbacterin, and Normase may be useful to enhance the treatment efficiency and children's recovery from enterobiasis.