Cervical neuroendocrine carcinomas (CNC) are rare tumors. The term includes the cervical carcinoid, the small cell (oat-cell) carcinoma and the primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Between 1979 and 1993 eight CNC out of 788 cervical carcinomas were identified by conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Three tumors were small cell carcinomas with positive staining for NSE (6/8 tumors) and chromogranin A (2/8). In one case a PNET was diagnosed by identifying rosette like structures and negative immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers. Two patients (including PNET) died of disease 3.1 (1.3 to 4.8) years after diagnosis. The others showed no evidence of disease after a mean follow up to 4.4 years. Three of them got pelvic radiation postoperatively. Four tumors showed foci of squamous cell carcinoma [3] and adenocarcinoma [2]. There is no evidence, that these foci influence the prognosis on CNC. Therefore, it is important to recognize the neuroendocrine component, as this type of carcinoma requires special therapeutic considerations. The authors favour the metaplastic origin of CNC from a multipotent (endocervical) stem cell.