The case of a 65-years-old woman with non-productive cough persisting for one year is described. The X-ray showed lower right paratracheal calcification. The diagnosis of broncholithiasis was made by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and Mycobacterium avium was isolated after analysis of the specimen collected by bronchial biopsy. We discuss the characteristics of the case, emphasizing the association of broncholithiasis and non-tubercular mycobacterial infection. The literature is reviewed.