Functional bivalent miniantibodies, directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor, accumulated to more than 3 gl-1 in high-cell-density cultures of Escherichia coli RV308(pHKK) on a pilot scale. The miniantibodies consist of scFv fragments with a C-terminal hinge followed by a helix-turn-helix motif, which homodimerizes in vivo. The improved expression vector pHKK is characterized by the hoklsok suicide system, improving plasmid maintenance, and the inducible lac pl o promoter system with the very strong T7g10 Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The expression unit is flanked by terminators. The prototrophic RV308 cells were cultivated in glucose mineral salt medium and reached a cell density of 145 g dry biomass l-1 after 33 h. After induction, growth continued almost unchanged for a further 4 h with concomitant miniantibody formation. In the fedbatch phase, the concentration of glucose was kept almost constant at the physiological level of approximately 1.5 gl-1, using on-line flow injection analysis for control. Surprisingly, E. coli RV308(pHKK) did not accumulate significant amounts of the metabolic by-product acetate under these unlimited aerobic growth conditions.