Diclybothrium atriatum n. sp. is described from North American acipenserid fishes, Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque (lake sturgeon) and Acipenser brevirostrum Le Sueur (shortnose sturgeon). Diclybothrium atriatum is distinguished from other diclybothriids by the presence of a unique preovarial structure that we name the ventral atrial organ. This structure possesses a ventral orifice leading to a deep groove that widens internally as a crypt, bordered by densely staining granular bodies and more deeply situated glandular cells. Previous records of Diclybothrium armatum Leuckart, 1835 examined in this study from North American acipenserids are referable to D. atriatum. Studies on the anatomy of this and other species of Diclybothrium Leuckart, 1835, D. armatum and Diclybothrium hamulatum (Simer, 1929), reveal the presence of paired multichanelled sperm ducts that are shown to be characteristic of the Diclybothriidae Bykhovskii and Gusev, 1950. Paired sperm ducts, while common in Turbellaria with multiple testes, are unusual amongst Monogenea. The endemicity of Diclybothrium atriatum and specificity for A. fulvescens and A. brevirostrum suggests that speciation of this parasite may have occurred following the isolation of Acipenser L. spp. in central and eastern North America.