Effective planning for medication treatment in patients with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa is based on a comprehensive clinical assessment, including a careful review of comorbid psychiatric disorders and response to treatments for previous episodes of the disorder. Although most patients with bulimia nervosa are offered a trial of psychotherapy, significant results of controlled trials have contributed to an increased role for medications in the treatment of patients with this disorder. Pharmacologic treatment of anorexia nervosa has similarities to that of treatment-resistant depression, with the clinician turning to open trials and clinical reports for clues to rational management. As described in this article, considerations of potential side effects and medical complications are likely to play an important role in guiding the choice of medication used for treatment of patients with eating disorders.