Lectin binding histochemistry was performed on the olfactory system of Pseudemys scripta to investigate the distribution and density of defined carbohydrate terminals on the cell surface glycoproteins of the olfactory receptors and their terminals in the olfactory bulbs. The lectin staining patterns indicate that the receptor cells of the olfactory mucosa are characterized by glycoconjugates containing alpha-D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine terminal residues. The vomeronasal receptor cells contain instead alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and alpha-D-galactose residues. The results demonstrate that the vomeronasal receptor cells contain high density of alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sugar residues that are not expressed by receptor cells of the olfactory mucosa. The presence of specific glycoproteins, whose terminal sugars are detected by lectin binding, might be related to the chemoreception and transduction of the odorous message into a nervous signal or in the histogenesis of the olfactory system. In fact, the olfactory receptors are the only known neurons in the vertebrate nervous system that undergo a continual cycle of proliferation not only in developing animals but also in mature ones. Moreover the results show that BSA-I-B4, an alpha-D-galactosyl-specific isolectin, targets the terminal sugar residues in the ramified microglial cells.