Encouraging results with Paclitaxel are reported in ovarian cancer patients relapsing and progressing after platinum-based chemotherapy; however, the two populations have different probabilities of a response to a second-line treatment. Here we report the results achieved in 39 patients with platinum-refractory ovarian cancer, treated with Paclitaxel 175 mg/qm2 (or 135 mg/m2 if heavily pretreated) using 3-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks, in an attempt to verify the activity of this drug in platinum-resistant patients. The toxicity was mild to moderate and primarily hematologic and neurologic. The objective response rate is 12.8% with no complete responses. The response duration was brief and the median survival 6 (range 1-17) months. An accurate cost-benefit balance is necessary before routinely use of Paclitaxel in platinum-refractory patients. Further research is needed to determine the optimal role of Paclitaxel in the whole therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.