Sprouting induction by a peripheral degenerating nerve has been evaluated in normal and vitamin E-deficient rats. A piece of sural nerve was grafted close to the peroneal nerve of the same animal: at one and two months after grafting thin unmyelinated axons were visible in the graft and they were sometimes functionally active; when nerve explant was frozen before grafting, sprouting induction did not take place either in controls or in vitamin E-deficient animals. No difference was noted in sprouting induction between the two groups, while degeneration showed a different time course. Some hypotheses of possible stimuli of sprouting induction are discussed.