The H reflex technique was used to evaluate the influence exerted by cortical conditioning on the excitability of the alpha-motoneurone pool and on IA interneuronal activity (reciprocal inhibition). In ten subjects at absolute rest electrical and magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex was transcranially applied during flexor carpi radialis H reflex eliciting and in conditions of reciprocal inhibition induced by radial nerve stimulation. The time courses showed that at intensities below motor threshold, electrical brain conditioning induced an increase in the amplitude of the test reflex when the cortical shock was given 4 ms after the test H reflex. On the contrary, reciprocal inhibition was reduced by electrical cortical conditioning when the scalp stimulation was applied 2-3 ms after the test stimulus. Magnetic transcranial stimulation induced an increase of H reflex amplitude when the test shock was administered 5 and 2 ms prior to the scalp shock; it did not modify the degree of reciprocal inhibition. The experimental findings could be considered the electrophysiological manifestation of a differential cortico-spinal control on the pathway alpha-motoneurone/IA interneurone. Considerations on the delay allow the hypothesis of a further synapse between the cortico-spinal ending and the IA interneurone. Discrepancies with magnetic conditioning might be ascribed to a preferential transsynaptic action of magnetic mode of neural activation.